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Berlin! Berlin! Wir fahren nach Berlin!." ("Berlin! basketball shoes sale Berlin! We're going to Berlin!")
( A Chant during the World Cup in 2006. Also usually chanted by supporters of the DFB-Pokal-finalists before the final in Berlin.

"Berlin ist arm, aber sexy." ("Berlin is poor, buy shoes online but sexy.")
(Klaus Wowereit, Governing Mayor, in a television interview, 2004)

“Berlin combines blue adidas shoes the culture of New York, the traffic system of Tokyo, the nature of Seattle, and the historical treasures of, well, Berlin.”
(Hiroshi Motomura, US Law professor, 2004)

"Paris is always Paris and Berlin is never addidas shoes Berlin!"
(Jack Lang, French former culture minister, talking about how fast Berlin is changing, 2001)

"Mr. Gorbachev,men's adidas shoes tear down this wall!"
(Ronald Reagan, President of the United States, speech at the Brandenburg Gate, 1987)

"Ich bin ein Berliner."("I am a citizen of Berlin")
(John F. Kennedy, President of the USA, 1963 while men's addidas shoes visiting Berlin)

"Niemand hat die women's adidas Absicht, eine Mauer zu errichten!" ("Nobody intends to put up a wall!")
(Walter Ulbricht, Leader of the GDR, June 15th 1961 - 2 months before the Berlin Wall was built)

"Ihr V?lker der Welt ... schaut auf diese Stadt!" ("Peoples of the world ... women adidas shoes look at this city!")
(Ernst Reuter, Governing Mayor, during the Berlin blockade, 1948)[1]

"Ich hab noch einen Koffer adidas sneaker in Berlin" ("I still keep a suitcase in Berlin")
(Song by Marlene Dietrich in 1957, actress and singer born 1901 in Berlin-Sch?neberg)

"“Berlin ist eine Stadt, verdammt dazu, ewig zu werden, niemals zu adida shoes sein” ("Berlin is a city condemned forever to becoming and never to being.")
(Karl Scheffler, author of Berlin: Ein Stadtschicksal, 1910 )

"Berlin is the newest city adidas dunk I have come across. Even Chicago would appear old and gray in comparison."
(Mark Twain, US Writer, Chicago Daily Tribune, 1892)

"What could have possessed people to found a city in the middle men adidas shoes of all this sand?"
(Stendhal (1783 – 1842), addidas shoe French writer who traveled extensively in Germany and elsewhere)

"Berlin ist mehr ein Weltteil als eine Stadt" white addidas shoes ("Berlin is rather a part of the world than a city")
(Jean Paul, writer, 1800)[2]

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The official English version of IE8 Home adidas dunk Page: http://www.microsoft.com/china/windows/internet-buy adidas shoes explorer/default.aspx
IE8 download page: http://www.microsoft.com/china/windows/internetadidas plaid shoes -explorer/worldwide-sites.aspx
Beijing at y3 shoes 0:00 on March 20, 2009, Microsoft IE8 official English website has opened an official download IE8.

Testers have said that if necessary the adoption of IE8 want to download Windows Genuine Advantage, addidas shoe Vista system if it is recommend assembly are more than 2G memory, Windows addias shoes XP for more than 1G memory recommend.
IE8 can run at 32-bit version and 64-bit version of WindowsXp, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, and will be integrated at the end of the year is expected to release in Windows7, Windows7 simultaneously also provides the first completely uninstall IE8 function.
IE8 released the first batch of languages including: Arabic, Chinese (Taiwan, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Hong Kong a3 shoes Traditional), Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungary language, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal),adidasshoes Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish.

IE8 official English version of the top five new features:

Screening 1.adiddas shoes SmartScreen

IE8 SmartScreen filter in IE8 are new security mechanism, sneaker shoes can filter through some kind of mechanisms and marked a number of potentially unsafe websites.

2. Accelerators
Through the IE8 accelerator, without leaving the page being viewed, you can easily view the map, translate, send e-mail operation. Up from the principles of IE8 installed on some third-party plug-in, plug-ins similar to white adidas shoes firefox. IE8 seems to have taken note of the software, the power of cheap red shoes community.
3.InPrivate mode
IE8's InPrivate mode InPrivate browsing includes two types of functions and InPrivate blocking, which can be browsed at the website when the computer adidas black shoes is not left their own history, which can not track your web browsing activity, thereby protecting the Internet browsing, to personal privacy.
4. Page adidas white shoes alerts
IE8 page through newsletters, website where subscribers can only interested in that part of the content required in the development of web pages in IE8 provides special add tags.adidas red shoes There is a bit similar to the principle of RSS subscribers, but up from the show is a complete Web content, not just the usual title adidas training shoes and summary of the article and so on.
5. English Visualization
When you are at the upper right corner of the Instant adidas outdoor shoes Search box, enter the content of any search, the search box shown below will be illustrated english proposals to support the adidas sb necessary search providers, such as Microsoft.

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Strict service-service interactions are very rare, for reasons adidas black shoes that are far from clear.[4] One example is the relationship between sea anemones and anemonefish in the family Pomacentridae: the buy adidas shoes anemones provide the fish with protection from predators (which cannot tolerate the stings of the anemone's tentacles) and the fish defend the anemones against butterflyfish (family shoes adidas Chaetodontidae) which eat anemones. However, in common with many mutualisms, there is more than one aspect to the biological barter: in the anemonefish-anemone mutualism, waste shoe adidas ammonia from the fish feed the symbiotic algae that are found in the anemone's tentacles.[6][7] Therefore what appears to be a service-service mutualism in fact has a service-resource component. A second example is that of the relationship between some ants in the genus Pseudomyrmex and trees in the genus Acacia, such as the Whistling Thorn and Bullhorn Acacia. The ants nest inside the plant's white adidas shoes thorns. In exchange for shelter, the ants protect acacias from attack by herbivores (which they frequently eat, introducing a resource component to adidas shoe this service-service relationship) and competition from other plants by trimming back vegetation that would shade the acacia. In addition, another service-resource component is present, as the ants regularly feed on lipid-rich food-bodies called Beltian bodies that are on the Acacia plant.

In the Neotropics, the ant, addidas shoes Myrmelachista schumanni makes its nest in special cavities on the Duroia hirsute tree. The ant protects the tree with such vehemence that any saplings in the vicinity belonging to other species are killed with formic acid. This selective gardening can be so aggressive that small areas of the rainforest are dominated by Duroia hirsute. These buy addidas shoes peculiar patches are known by local people as "devil's gardens".[8]

In some of these relationships, the cost of the ant’s protection can be quite expensive. white addidas shoes Cordia sp. trees in the Amazonian rainforest have a kind of partnership with Allomerus sp. ants, which make their nests in modified leaves. To increase the amount of living space available, the ants will destroy the tree’s flower buds. The flowers die and leaves develop instead, provisioning the ants with more dwellings. Another type of Allomerus sp. ant lives addidas shoe with the Hirtella sp. tree in the same forests, but in this relationship the tree has turned the tables on the greedy ants. When the tree is ready to produce flowers, the ant abodes on certain branches begin to wither and shrink, forcing the occupants to flee, leaving the tree’s flowers to develop free from ant attack.[8]

[edit] Humans andmen adidas shoes mutualism
Dogs and sheep were among the first animals to be domesticated.

Humans also engage in mutualisms with other species, including our adidas dunk gut flora (without which we would not be able to digest food efficiently) and domesticated animals such as horses, which provide transportation in return for food and shelter. In traditional agriculture, many plants will function mutualistically as companion plants, providing each other with shelter, soil fertility and the repelling of pests. adida shoes For example, beans may grow up cornstalks as a trellis, while fixing nitrogen in the soil for the corn, as exploited in the Three Sisters gardening technique. The question how and why species might adidas sneaker cooperate has been addressed philosophically by a number of people. Gilles Deleuze, for example, was interested in the way this questioned the conception of evolutionism and the notion of linear historical progress.

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The term markup is derived from the traditional publishing practice of "marking up"' a manuscript, which involves using a markup language consisting adidas dunk of conventional symbolic printer's instructions in the margins and text of a paper manuscript. For centuries, this task was done primarily by skilled typographers known as "markup men"[1] buy adidas shoes who marked up text to indicate what typeface, style, and size should be applied to each part, and then passed the manuscript to others for typesetting by hand. Markup was also commonly applied by editors, proofreaders, publishers, and graphic designers.

[edit] GenCode

The idea of using markup languages in computer text adidas plaid shoes processing was probably first publicly presented by publishing executive William W. Tunnicliffe at a conference in 1967, although he preferred to call it "generic coding." In the 1970s, Tunnicliffe led the development of a standard called GenCode for the publishing industry and later was the first chair of the International Organization for Standardization committee that created SGML, the first standard y3 shoes descriptive markup language. Book designer Stanley Rice published speculation along similar lines in the late 1960s. Brian Reid, in his 1980 dissertation at Carnegie Mellon University, developed the theory and a working implementation of descriptive markup in actual use.

However, IBM researcher Charles Goldfarb is more commonly seen today as addidas shoe the "father" of markup languages. Goldfarb hit upon the basic idea while working on a primitive document management system intended for law firms in 1969, and helped invent IBM GML later that same year. GML was first publicly disclosed in 1973.

In 1975, Goldfarb moved from Cambridge, Massachusetts to Silicon Valley and became a product planner at the IBM Almaden Research Center. There, he convinced IBM's executives to addias shoes deploy GML commercially in 1978 as part of IBM's Document Composition Facility product, and it was widely used in business with a few years.

Development informally began in a3 shoes 1978[citation needed] on what ultimately became the SGML standard, which was based on both GML and GenCode; Goldfarb eventually became chair of the SGML committee. SGML was first and released by ISO as the ISO 8879 standard in October 1986.

Some early examples of computer markup languages basketball shoes sale available outside the publishing industry can be found in typesetting tools on Unix systems such as troff and nroff. In these systems, formatting commands were inserted into the document text so that typesetting software could format the text according to the editor's specifications. It was a trial and error iterative process to get a document printed correctly.[citation needed] Availability mens basketball shoes of WYSIWYG ("what you see is what you get") publishing software supplanted much use of these languages among casual users, though serious publishing work still uses markup to specify the non-visual structure of texts, and WYSIWYG editors now usually save documents in a markup-language-based format.

[edit] TeX

Another major publishing standard is TeX, created and continuously refined by Donald Knuth in the 1970s new basketball shoes and 80s. TeX concentrated on detailed layout of text and font descriptions in order to typeset mathematical books in professional quality. This required Knuth to spend considerable time investigating the art of typesetting. However, TeX has a steep learning curve, so that it is mainly used in academia, where it is the de facto standard in many scientific disciplines. A TeX macro package known as LaTeX provides a descriptive markup system on top of TeX, and is widely used.

[edit] Scribe, GML and SGML
Main articles: IBM Generalized Markup Language online basketball shoes and Standard Generalized Markup Language

The first language to make a clear and clean distinction between structure and presentation was Scribe, developed by Brian Reid and described in his doctoral thesis in 1980.[2] Scribe was revolutionary in a adidas cycling shoes number of ways, not least that it introduced the idea of styles separated from the marked up document, and of a grammar controlling the usage of descriptive elements. Scribe influenced the development of Generalized Markup Language (later SGML) and is a direct ancestor to HTML and LaTeX.

In the early 1980s, the idea that markup should be focused on the structural aspects of a document and leave the visual presentation of that structure to the interpreter led to the creation of SGML. The language was developed by a committee chaired by Goldfarb. It incorporated ideas from many different sources, including Tunnicliffe's project, adida shoes GenCode. Sharon Adler, Anders Berglund, and James A. Marke were also key members of the SGML committee.

SGML specified a syntax for including the markup in documents, as well as one for separately describing what tags were allowed, and where (the Document Type Definition (DTD) or schema). This allowed authors adiddas shoes to create and use any markup they wished, selecting tags that made the most sense to them and were named in their own natural languages. Thus, SGML is properly a meta-language, and many particular markup languages are derived from it. From the late 80s on, most substantial new markup languages have been based on SGML system, including for example TEI and DocBook. SGML was promulgated as an International Standard by International Organization for Standardization, ISO 8879, in 1986.

SGML found wide acceptance and use in fields with very large-scale adida golf shoes documentation requirements. However, it was generally found to be cumbersome and difficult to learn, a side effect of attempting to do too much and be too flexible. For example, SGML made end tags (or start-tags, or even both) optional in certain contexts, because it was thought that markup would be done manually by overworked support staff who adida shoe would appreciate saving keystrokes[citation needed].

[edit] HTML
Main article: HTML

By 1991, it appeared to many that SGML would be limited to commercial and data-based applications while WYSIWYG tools (which stored documents in proprietary binary formats) would suffice for other document processing applications.

The situation changed when Sir Tim Berners-Lee, learning of SGML from co-worker adida basketball shoes Anders Berglund and others at CERN, used SGML syntax to create HTML. HTML resembles other SGML-based tag languages, although it began as simpler than most and a formal DTD was not developed until later. Steven DeRose[3] argues that HTML's use of descriptive markup (and SGML in particular) was a major factor in the success of the Web, because of the flexibility and extensibility that it enabled (other factors include the notion of URLs and the free distribution of browsers). HTML is quite likely the most used markup language in the world today.

However, HTML's status as a markup language is disputed by some computer scientists.[citation needed] The argument for this is that HTML restricts the placement of tags, requiring them to buy shoes be either fully nested inside of other tags, or the root tag of the document. Because of this, these scientists would suggest instead that sneaker shoes HTML is a container language, following a Hierarchical model.

[edit] XML
Main article: XML

XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a meta markup language that is now widely used. XML was developed by the adidas black shoes World Wide Web Consortium, in a committee created and chaired by Jon Bosak. The main purpose of XML was to simplify SGML by focusing on a particular problem — documents on the Internet.[4] XML remains a meta-language like SGML, allowing users to create any tags needed (hence "extensible") and then describing those tags and their permitted uses.

XML adoption was helped because every XML document can be buy adidas shoes written in such a way that it is also an SGML document, and existing SGML users and software could switch to XML fairly easily. However, XML eliminated many of the more complex and human-oriented features of SGML to simplify implementation (while increasing markup size and reducing readability and editability). Other improvements rectified some SGML problems in international shoes adidas settings, and made it possible to parse and interpret document hierarchy even if no DTD is available.

XML was designed primarily for semi-structured environments such as documents and publications. However, it appeared to strike a happy medium between simplicity and flexibility, and was rapidly adopted for many other uses. XML is now widely used for communicating data between applications. Like HTML, it can be described as a 'container' shoe adidas language.

[edit] XHTML
Main article: XHTML

Since January 2000 all W3C Recommendations for HTML have been based on XML rather than SGML, using the abbreviation XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language). The white adidas shoes language specification requires that XHTML Web documents must be well-formed XML documents – this allows for more rigorous and robust documents while using tags familiar from HTML.

One of the most noticeable differences between HTML and XHTML is the rule adidas shoe that all tags must be closed: empty HTML tags such as
must either be closed with a regular end-tag, or replaced by a special form:
(the space before the '/' on the end tag is optional, but frequently used because it enables some pre-XML Web browsers, and SGML parsers, to accept the tag). Another is that all attribute values in tags must be quoted. Finally, addidas shoes all tag and attribute names must be lowercase in order to be valid; HTML, on the other hand, was case-insensitive.

[edit] Other XML-based applications

Many XML-based applications now exist, including Resource Description Framework (RDF), XForms, DocBook, SOAP and the Web buy addidas shoes Ontology Language (OWL). For a partial list of these see List of XML markup languages.

[edit] Features

A common feature of many markup languages is that they intermix the blue adidas shoes text of a document with markup instructions in the same data stream or file. This is not necessary; it is possible to isolate markup from text content, using pointers, offsets, IDs, or other methods to co-ordinate the two. Such "standoff markup" is typical for the internal representations programs use to work with marked-up documents. However, embedded or "inline" markup is much addidas shoes more common elsewhere. Here, for example, is a small section of text marked up in HTML:

Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes ducks, geese, and swans,
but not the men's adidas shoes closely-related screamers.

The codes enclosed in angle-brackets are markup instructions (known as tags), while the text between these instructions is the men's addidas shoes actual text of the document. The codes h1, p, and em are examples of structural markup, in that they describe the intended purpose or meaning of the text they include. Specifically, h1 means "this is a first-level heading", p means "this is a paragraph", and em means "this is an emphasized word or phrase". A program interpreting such structural markup may apply its own rules or styles for presenting the various pieces of text, using diffent women's adidas typefaces, boldness, font size, indention, colour, or other styles, as desired. A tag such as "h1" (header level 1) might be presented in a large bold sans-serif typeface, for example, or in a monospaced (typewriter-style) document it might be underscored – or it might not change the presentation at all.

In contrast, the i tag in HTML is an example of presentational markup; it is generally used to specify a particular characteristic of the text (in women adidas shoes this case, the use of an italic typeface) without specifying the reason for that appearance.

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) has published extensive guidelines for how to encode texts of interest in the humanities and social sciences, developed through years of international cooperative work. These guidelines are used by projects encoding historical documents, the works of particular scholars, periods, adidas sneaker or genres, and so on.

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The use of keywords predates adidas blue shoes the internet and carried over to early websites as a way for publishers to help users find content. In 2003, the social bookmarking website Delicious provided a addidas white shoes way for its users to add "tags" to their bookmarks (as a way to help find them later); Delicious also provided browseable aggregated views of the bookmarks of all users featuring cheap red shoes a particular tag.[1] Flickr allowed its users to add free-form tags to each of their pictures, constructing flexible and easy metadata that made the pictures highly searchable.[2] The success of Flickr and the influence of Delicious popularized the concept,[3] and other social software websites – such as YouTube, Technorati, and Last.fm – also implemented tagging. "Labels" in Gmail are similar to tags.

Websites that include tags often display collections adidas black shoes of tags as tag clouds. A user's tags are useful both to them and to the larger community of the website's users. This collective set of tags is known as a folksonomy.

Tags are a "bottom-up" type of classification, compared to hierarchies, which are "top-down". In a traditional hierarchical system (taxonomy), the designer sets out a and1 basketball shoes limited number of terms to use for classification, and there is one correct way to classify each item. In a tagging system, there are adidas black shoes an unlimited number of ways to classify an item, and there is no "wrong" choice. Instead of belonging to one category, an item may have several different tags.

[edit] Examples

[edit] Within a blog

Many blog cheap red shoes systems allow authors to add free-form tags to a post, along with (or instead of) placing the post into categories. For example, a post may display that it has been tagged with baseball and tickets. Each of those tags is usually a web link leading to an index page listing all of the posts associated with that tag. The blog may have a sidebar listing all the tags in use on that blog, with each tag leading to an indexaddidas black shoes page. To reclassify a post, an author edits its list of tags. All connections between posts are automatically tracked and updated by the blog software; there addis basketball shoes is no need to relocate the page within a complex hierarchy of categories.

[edit] For an event

An official tag is a keyword adopted by events and conferences for participants to use in their web publications, such as blog entries, photos of the event, and presentation slides. Search engines can then index them to make relevant materialsrunning basketball shoes related to the event searchable in a uniform way. In this case, the tag is part of a dmt cycling shoes controlled vocabulary.

[edit] Special types

[edit] Triple tags

A triple tag or machine tag uses a special syntax to define extra information tmac shoes about the tag, making it easier or more meaningful for interpretation by a computer program. Triple tags comprise three parts: a namespace, a predicate, and a value. For example, "geo:long=50.123456" is a tag for the geographical longitude coordinate whose value is 50.123456.

The triple tag format was first devised for geolicious[4] in November 2004, to map del.icio.us bookmarks, and gained wider acceptance after its adoption by mappr[5] and GeoBloggers[6] to map Flickr photos. In January 2007, Aaron Straup Cope at Flickr introduced the term machine tag as an alternative name for the triple tag, adding some questions and answers white cycling shoes on purpose, syntax, and use.[7]

[edit] Hash tags

Short messages on services such as Twitter may be tagged including one or more hashtags; words or phrases prefixed with a hash symbol (#),[8] such as those in:

#pilsner is my favourite new basketball shoes kind of #beer

[edit] Advantages and disadvantages

In a tagging system, typically there is no information about the meaning or semantics of each tag. For example, the tag "orange" might refer to the fruit or the color, and this lack of semantic distinction can shoe shop lead to inappropriate connections between items.

People often select different tags to describe the same item: for example, items related to a version of Apple's operating system may be tagged "Mac OS X", "Leopard", "software", and a variety of other terms. This flexibility allows adida shoes people to classify their collections of items in the way that they find useful, but the personalized variety of terms can make it difficult for people to find comprehensive information about a subject; in order to catch every relevant item, they may have to search several times using different keywords. Users also have to decide whether each tagged item is actually relevant to what adidas training shoes they're looking for.

Larger-scale folksonomies address some of the problems of tagging, as users of tagging systems tend to notice the best running shoe current use of "tag terms" within these systems, and thus use existing tags in order to easily form connections to related items. In this way, folksonomies collectively develop a partial set of tagging conventions.[citation needed]

One common challenge in tagging systems is adidas running shoes that people use both single and plural words as tags. A user could tag an object with "teacher" or with "teachers", which can make finding similar adidas outdoor shoes objects more difficult for both that user and other users in the system.[9][10]

[edit] Syntax

Some tagging systems provide a single text box to enter textual tags. To be able to tokenize the string, a separator must be used. A popular separator is the space character. black basketball shoes To enable the use of separators in the tags, a system may allow for higher-level separators (such as quotation marks) or escape characters. Systems can cheap adidas shoes avoid the use of separators by allowing only one tag to be added to each input widget at a time, although this makes adding multiple tags more time-consuming.

Another syntax for use within HTML is to use the attribute rel="tag" to indicate that the linked-to page acts as a tag for the mens black shoes current context. More detail is available in the rel tag microformat specification.

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The motivation of the Catholic Church in adjusting the adidas black shoes calendar was to celebrate Easter at the time it thought the First Council of Nicaea had agreed upon in 325. Although a canon of the council implies that all churches used the same Easter, they did not. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or after the vernal equinox, which buy adidas shoes they placed on 21 March. However, the Church of Rome still regarded 25 March as the equinox (until 342) and used a different cycle to compute the day of the moon.[7] In the shoes adidas Alexandrian system, since the 14th day of the Easter moon could fall at earliest on 21 March its first day could fall no earlier than 8 March and no later than 5 April. This meant that shoe adidas Easter varied between 22 March and 25 April. In Rome, Easter was not allowed to fall later than 21 April, that being the day of the Parilia or birthday of Rome and a pagan festival. The first day of the Easter moon could fall no earlier than 5 March and no later than 2 April. Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two white adidas shoes systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the tenth century all churches (except some on the eastern border of the Byzantine Empire) had adopted the Alexandrian Easter, which still placed the vernal equinox on 21 March, although Bede had already noted its drift in 725—it had drifted even further by the sixteenth adidas shoe century.

Worse, the reckoned Moon that was used to compute Easter was fixed to the Julian year by a 19 year cycle. However, that approximation addidas shoes built up an error of one day every 310 years, so by the sixteenth century the lunar calendar was out of phase with the real Moon by four days.

The Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the buy addidas shoes calendrical errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. This would allow for a more consistent and accurate scheduling of the feast white addidas shoes of Easter.

The fix was to come in two stages. First, it was necessary to approximate the correct length of a solar year. The value chosen was 365.2425 days in decimal addidas shoe notation.[8] Although close to the mean tropical year of 365.24219 days, it is even closer to the vernal equinox year of 365.2424 days; this fact made the choice of approximation particularly appropriate as the purpose of creating the calendar was to ensure that the vernal equinox would be near a specific date (21 March). (See Accuracy).

The second stage was to devise a model men adidas shoes based on the approximation which would provide an accurate yet simple, rule-based calendar. The formula designed by Aloysius Lilius was ultimately successful. It proposed a 10-day correction to revert the drift since Nicaea, and the imposition of a leap day in only 97 years in 400 rather than in 1 year in 4. To implement the model, it was provided that years divisible by 100 would be leap adidas dunk years only if they were divisible by 400 as well. So, in the last millennium, 1600 and 2000 were leap years, but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not. In this millennium, 2100, 2200, 2300 and 2500 will not be leap years, but 2400 will be. This theory was expanded upon by Christopher Clavius in a closely argued, 800 page volume. He would later defend his and Lilius's work against adidas sneaker detractors.

The 19-year cycle used for the lunar calendar was also to be corrected by women adidas shoes one day every 300 or 400 years (8 times in 2500 years) along with corrections for the years (1700, 1800, 1900, 2100 et cetera) that are no longer leap years. In fact, a new method for computing the date of Easter women's adidas was introduced.

In 1577 a Compendium was sent to expert mathematicians outside the men's addidas shoes reform commission for comments. Some of these experts, including Giambattista Benedetti and Giuseppe Moleto, believed Easter men's adidas shoes should be computed from the true motions of the sun and moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted.[9]

Gregory dropped 10 days to bring the calendar back into synchronization with the seasons. Lilius originally proposed addidas shoes that the 10-day correction should be implemented by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences during a period of 40 years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the blue adidas shoes equinox to 21 March. However, Clavius's opinion was that the correction should take place in one move and it was this advice which prevailed with Gregory. Accordingly, when the new calendar was put in use, the error accumulated in the 13 centuries since the Council of Nicaea was corrected by a deletion of ten days. The last day of the Julian calendar was Thursday, 4 October 1582 and this was followed by the first day of the Gregorian calendar, Friday, 15 October 1582 (the cycle of weekdays was not affected).

[edit] Adoption
William Hogarth painting (c. 1755) which is the main source for adidas training shoes "Give us our Eleven Days"

Though Gregory's reform was enacted in the most solemn of forms available to the Church, in fact the bull had no authority beyond the Catholic Church and the Papal adidas training shoes States. The changes which he was proposing were changes to the civil calendar over which he had no authority. The changes required adoption by the civil authorities in adidas red shoes each country to have legal effect.

The Nicene Council of 325 sought to devise rules whereby all adidas white shoes Christians would celebrate Easter on the same day. In fact it took a very long time before Christians achieved that men adidas shoes objective (see Easter for the issues which arose). However, the bull Inter gravissimas became the law of the Catholic Church. It was not recognised, however, by Protestant Churches nor men adidas by Orthodox Churches and others. Consequently, the days on which Easter and related holidays were celebrated by different Christian Churches again diverged.

[edit] Adoption in Europe

Only four Catholic countries adopted the new calendar on the cheap adidas shoes
date specified by the bull. Other Catholic countries experienced some delay before adopting the reform; and non-Catholic countries, not being subject to the decrees of the Pope, initially rejected or simply ignored the reform altogether, although they all eventually adopted it. Hence, the dates 5 October 1582 to 14 October 1582 (inclusive) are valid dates in many countries.

Spain, Portugal, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and most of Italy implemented mens black shoes the new calendar on Friday, 15 October 1582, following Julian Thursday, 4 October 1582. The Spanish and Portuguese colonies adopted the calendar later due to the slowness of communication. France adopted the new calendar on Monday, 20 December 1582, following Sunday, 9 December 1582.[10] The Dutch provinces of Brabant, Zeeland and the Staten-Generaal also adopted it on 25 December of that year, the provinces forming the Southern Netherlands (modern Belgium) on 1 January 1583, and the province of Holland followed suit on 12 adidas blue shoes January 1583.

Most non-Catholic countries initially objected to addidas white shoes adopting a Catholic invention, especially during the Counter-Reformation (of which Gregory was a leading proponent); some Protestants feared the new calendar was part of a plot to return them to the Catholic fold. In the Czech lands, Protestants resisted the calendar imposed by the Habsburg Monarchy. In parts of Ireland, Catholic rebels until their defeat in the Nine Years' War kept the "new" Easter in defiance of the English-loyal authorities; later, Catholics practising in secret petitioned the Propaganda Fide for dispensation from observing the new calendar, as it signalled addidas black shoes their disloyalty.[11]

Denmark, which then included Norway and some Protestant states of Germany, adopted the solar portion of the new calendar on Monday, 1 March 1700,[12] following Sunday, 18 February 1700, due to the influence of Ole Rømer, but did not adopt the lunar portion. Instead, they decided to calculate the date of Easter cheap red shoes astronomically using the instant of the vernal equinox and the full moon according to Kepler's Rudolphine Tables of 1627. They finally adopted the lunar portion of the Gregorian calendar in 1776. The remaining provinces of the Dutch Republic also adopted the Gregorian calendar in July 1700 (Gelderland), December 1700 (Utrecht and Overijssel) and January 1701 adidas black shoes (Friesland and Groningen).

Sweden's relationship with the Gregorian Calendar was a difficult one. Sweden started to make the change from the Julian calendar and towards the Gregorian calendar in 1700, but it was decided to make the (then 11-day) adjustment gradually, by excluding the leap days (29 February) from each of 11 successive leap years, 1700 to 1740. In the meantime, the Swedish calendar would be out outlet basketball shoes of step with both the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar for 40 years; also, the difference would not be constant but would change every 4 years. This strange system clearly had great potential for endless confusion when working out the dates of Swedish events in this 40-year period. To make matters worse, the system was poorly administered and the leap days that should have been excluded from 1704 and 1708 were and1 basketball shoes not excluded. The Swedish calendar (according to the transition plan) should now have been 8 days behind the Gregorian, but was still in fact 10 days behind. King Charles XII recognised that the gradual change to the new system was not working, and he abandoned it.

However, rather than proceeding directly to the Gregorian calendar, it was decided to revert to the Julian calendar. This was achieved by introducing the black basketball shoes unique date 30 February in the year 1712, adjusting the discrepancy in the calendars from 10 back to 11 days. Sweden finally adopted the Gregorian adidas running shoes calendar in 1753, when Wednesday, 17 February was followed by Thursday, 1 March. Since Finland was under Swedish rule at that time, it did the same.[13]

Britain and the British Empire (including the eastern part of what is now the United States) adopted the Gregorian calendar in adidas outdoor shoes 1752 by which time it was necessary to correct by 11 days. Wednesday, 2 September 1752 was followed by Thursday, 14 September 1752 to account for 29 February 1700 (Julian). Claims that rioters demanded "Give us our eleven days" grew out of a misinterpretation of a painting by William Hogarth. After 1753, the best running shoe British tax year in Britain continued to operate on the Julian calendar and began on 5 April, which was the "Old Style" adidas dunks shoes new tax year of 25 March. A 12th skipped Julian leap day in 1800 changed its start to 6 April. It was not changed when a 13th Julian leap day was skipped in 1900, so the tax year in the United Kingdom still begins on 6 April.

In Alaska, the change took place when Friday, 6 October 1867 was followed again by Friday, 18 October after the US purchase of adidas sb Alaska from Russia, which was still on the Julian calendar. Instead of 12 days, only 11 were skipped, and the day of the week was repeated on successive days, because the International Date Line was shifted from Alaska's eastern to western boundary along with the change to the Gregorian calendar.

In Russia the Gregorian calendar was accepted after the October Revolution (so adidas outdoor shoes named because it took place in October 1917 in the Julian calendar). On 24 January 1918 the Council of People's Commissars issued a Decree that Wednesday, 31 January 1918 was to be followed by Thursday, 14 February 1918.

The last country of Eastern Orthodox shoe shop Europe to adopt the Gregorian calendar was Greece on Thursday, 1 March 1923, following Wednesday, 15 February 1923.

Japan, the first eastern Asia country adopting the western calendar, replaced its traditional lunisolar calendar with the name brand shoes

Gregorian calendar on 1 January 1873, and changed its traditional month names into numbered months, but continued to use Gengo, reign names, instead of the Common Era: Meiji 1=1868, Taisho 1=1912, Showa 1=1926, Heisei 1=1989, and so on. The "Western calendar" (西暦, seireki) using western year numbers, is also widely accepted by cheap basketball shoes civilians and to a lesser extent by government agencies.

The Republic of China (ROC) formally adopted the Gregorian calendar at its founding on 1 January 1912, but China soon descended into a period of warlordism addis basketball shoes with different warlords using different calendars. With the unification of China under the Kuomintang in October 1928, the Nationalist Government decreed that effective 1 running basketball shoes January 1929 the Gregorian calendar would be used. However, China retained the Chinese traditions of numbering the months and a modified Era System, backdating the first year of the ROC to 1912; this system is still in use in Taiwan where this ROC government retains control. Upon its foundation in 1949, the People's Republic of China continued to use the Gregorian calendar with numbered months, but abolished the ROC Era System and adopted Western numbered years.

Korea started using the Gregorian calendar on 1 January 1896 owing to Japanese influence. adidas shoes sneakers europe buy online The lunisolar Korean calendar used immediately before that day was based on the lunisolar Chinese calendar.[14]

[edit] Adoption by Orthodox Churches

Despite all the civil adoptions, none of the national Orthodox Churches have recognized it for church or religious purposes. Instead, a Revised Julian adidas savage sneakers calendar was proposed in May 1923 which dropped 13 days in 1923 and adopted a different leap year rule. There will be no difference between the two calendars until 2800.adidas men's superstar 2g sneakers The Orthodox churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Greece, Cyprus, Romania, and Bulgaria adopted the Revised Julian calendar, so until 2800 these New calendarists would celebrate Christmas on 25 December in the Gregorian calendar, the same day as the Western churches.

The Orthodox churches of Jerusalem, Russia, Serbia, the Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Poland and the Greek Old Calendarists did not accept the Revised Julian calendar, adidas goodyear sneakersand continue to celebrate Christmas on 25 December in the Julian calendar, which is 7 January in the Gregorian calendar until 2100. The refusal to accept the Gregorian reforms
adidas floater basketball sneakers also has an impact on the date of Easter. This is because the date of Easter is determined with reference to 21 March as the functional equinox, which continues to apply in the Julian calendar, even though the civil calendar in the native countries now use the Gregorian calendar.

All of the other Eastern churches, the Oriental Orthodox churches adidas bounce artillery ii means sneakers (Coptic, Ethiopian, Eritrean, Syrian, Armenian) and the Assyrian Church, continue to use their own calendars, which usually result in fixed dates being celebrated in accordance with the Julian calendar.

All Eastern churches continue to use the Julian Easter with the sole exception of the Finnish Orthodox Church, which has adopted the Gregorian Easter.adidas basketball sneakers

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In computing, a compiler is a computer mens cycling shoes program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language, often having a binary form known as object code). The most common reason for wanting to transform source code is to create an executable basketball shoes sale program.

Software for early computers was primarily written in assembly language. Higher level programming languages were not invented until the benefits of being able online basketball shoes to reuse software on different kinds of CPUs started to become significantly greater than the cost of writing a compiler. The very limited memory capacity of early computers also created many technical problems when implementing a compiler.

Towards the end of the 1950s, machine-independent programming languages wereadida shoes first proposed. Subsequently, several experimental compilers were developed. The first compiler was written by Grace Hopper, in 1952, for the A-0 programming language. The FORTRAN team led by John Backus at IBM is generally credited as having introduced the first complete compiler, in 1957. COBOL was an early language to be compiled on multiple adidas volleyball shoes architectures, in 1960.[1]

In many application domains the idea of using a higher level language quickly caught on. Because of the white basketball shoes expanding functionality supported by newer programming languages and the increasing complexity of computer architectures, compilers have become more and more complex.

Early compilers were written in assembly language. dmt cycling shoes The first self-hosting compiler — capable of compiling its own source code in a high-level language — was created for Lisp by Tim Hart and Mike Levin at MIT in 1962.[2] Since the 1970s it has become common practice to implement a compiler in the language it compiles, although both Pascal and C have been popular choices for implementation language. cheap basketball shoes Building a self-hosting compiler is a bootstrapping problem -- the first such compiler for a language must be compiled either by a compiler written in a different language, or (as in Hart and Levin's Lisp compiler) outlet basketball shoes compiled by running the compiler in an interpreter.

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If you contribute material to addis basketball shoes Wiktionary, you thereby license it to the public under the GFDL (with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). In order to contribute, you therefore must be running basketball shoes in a position to grant this license, which means that either

* you own the copyright to the material, for instance because you produced it yourself, or
* you acquired the material from a source which allows the licensing under name brand shoes GFDL, for instance because the material is in the public domain or is itself published under GFDL, or
* copyright no longer subsists in the material, meaning that it is in the public domain under copyright law.

In the first case, you retain copyright to your materials. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, cheap basketball shoes you can never retract the GFDL license for the versions you placed here: that material will remain under GFDL forever. In the second case, if you incorporate external GFDL materials, you need to acknowledge the authorship on the history page or talk page and provide a link back to the network location of the original copy. If the original copy required tmac shoes invariant sections, you have to incorporate those into the Wiktionary article; shoe shop but as with texts used with permission, GFDL texts with invariant sections should be replaced with original or more freely licensed text whenever possible.

If you use part of a copyrighted work under "fair use", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the cycling socks copyright holder, you must note that fact (along with names and dates) on the history page or talk page of the article. It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wiktionary's material as possible, so original material licensed under the GFDL is greatly preferred to copyrighted material (even used with permission) dmt cycling shoes for our purposes.

Never use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. mens cycling shoes This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project. If in doubt, write it yourself. In extreme cases of contributors continuing to post copyrighted material after appropriate warnings, such users may be blocked from editing to protect the project.

Note that copyright law governs the creative expression of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is perfectly legal to read a dictionary entry, or other work, white cycling shoes reformulate it in your own words, and submit it to Wiktionary. (See plagiarism and fair use for discussions of how much reformulation is necessary in a general context.)

Individual words are not copyrightable, although some may be trademarks, but this does online basketball shoes not prevent us from using these words as long as we are not producing a product to compete with the trademark holder. Lists of words in a standard arrangement such as alphabetical order are not copyrightable, but using a selection similar to that of another person may draw suspicions. Using a definition from a copyright dictionary may infringe on copyrights, but may nevertheless be a fair use. Indeed, a definition is often a short description of a word's meaning which may inadvertently be identical to what is found in a published work. Any claim for copyright infringement would likely depend on proving a pattern a3 shoes of individual infringements.

[edit] Users' rights and obligations

If you want to use Wiktionary materials in your own girls basketball shoes books/articles/web sites or other publications, you may do so, but you have to follow the GFDL, which entails the following:

* your materials in turn have to be licensed under GFDL,
* you must acknowledge the authorship of the article (section 4B), and
* you must provide access to the "transparent copy" of the material (section 4J). (The "transparent copy" of a Wiktionary article is its wiki text.) outlet basketball shoes These last two obligations can be fulfilled by providing a conspicuous link back to the home of the article here at wiktionary.org.

If the Wiktionary article you wish to use contains text, images, sounds, and1 basketball shoes or other material from external sources used with permission or under fair use, you must comply with the separate copyright terms for that material as well. For example, if we include an image under fair use, you must ensure that your use of the article also qualifies for fair use (this might not be the case, for example, if you were using a Wiktionary article for a commercial use that would otherwise be allowed by the GFDL).

[edit] If you find a adidas black shoes copyright infringement

It is not the job of rank-and-file Wiktionarians to police every article for possible copyright infringement, but if you suspect one, remain calm and then you should at the very adidas blue shoes least bring up the issue on that page's talk page. Administrators will examine the situation and take action if needed. The most helpful piece of information you can adidas outdoor shoes provide is a URL or other reference to what you believe is the source of the text.

There is a standard text for this notice which explains the situation to the poster in the Wikipedia:Boilerplate text page.

Some cases will be false alarms. For example, adidas red shoes if the contributor was in fact the author of the text which is published elsewhere under different terms, that does not affect his right to post it here under the GFDL unless it was contrary to his contract with his publisher, but you have no way of knowing if that is so. Also, sometimes you will find text elsewhere on the web that was copied from Wiktionary. In both of these cases, it is a good idea men adidas to make a note in the talk page to discourage such false alarms in the future.

If a page really is an infringement, then an administrator will delete the infringing content and make a note to that effect adidas sb in the talk page, along with the original source. If the author's permission is obtained later, it can be restored.

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One of Bush's PhD cheap red shoes students at MIT was Frederick Terman, who was later instrumental in the genesis of "Silicon Valley".

Canadian government documents from 1950 and 1951 involving the adidas white shoes Canadian Defence Research Board, Department of Transport, and Embassy in Washington D.C., implicate Bush as heading up a highly secret UFO study group within the U.S. Research and Development Board.[4] (See also Majestic 12) Bush's participation in this group is further documented by Stanton Friedman adidas outdoor shoes in his book "Top Secret/Majic" (Marlowe & Company, New York, NY 1996).

Bush was opposed to the introduction of Nazi scientists into the U.S. under the secretive Project Paperclip, thinking that they were potentially a danger to democracy.

Bush always believed in a strong national defense and the role that scientific research played in it. adidas running shoes However in an interview on his 80th birthday he expressed reservations about the arms race he had helped to create. “I do think the military is too big now—I think we’ve overdone putting bases all over the world.” He also expressed opposition to the antiballistic missile (ABM) because it would damage arms limitation talks with the Soviets and because best running shoe “I don’t think the damn thing will work.”

Bush and his wife Phoebe had two sons: running basketball shoes Richard Davis Bush and John Hathaway Bush. Vannevar Bush died at age 84 from pneumonia after suffering a stroke in 1974 in Belmont, Massachusetts. A lengthy obituary was published on the front page of the New York Times on June 30.

[edit] The Memex

Bush introduced the concept of what he called the memex in the 1930s, a microfilm-based "device in which cycling socks an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility."

After thinking about the potential of augmented white cycling shoes memory for several years, Bush set out his thoughts at length in the essay "As We May Think" in the Atlantic Monthly which is described as having been written in 1936 but set aside when war loomed. He removed it from his drawer and it was published in July 1945. In the article, Bush predicted that "Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified." A few months later (10 September 1945) Life magazine published a condensed version of "As We May Think," accompanied by several basketball shoes saleillustrations showing the possible appearance of a memex machine and its companion devices. This version of the essay was subsequently read by both Ted Nelson and Douglas Engelbart, and was a factor in their independent formulations of the various ideas that became hypertext.

Michael Buckland, a library scientist, regards the memex as severely flawed and blames it on a limited understanding by Bush of both information science and microfilm[citation needed]. Bush did not refer in his popular essay to the microfilm-based workstation proposed by Leonard Townsend in 1938, or the microfilm- and electronics-based selector described in more detail and patented by Emanuel Goldberg in addidas white shoes1931[citation needed]. The memex is still an important accomplishment, because it directly inspired the development of hypertext technology.

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In 1939 Bush accepted the prestigious adidas outdoor shoes appointment as president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, which awarded large sums annually for research. As president, Bush was adidas black shoes able to influence the direction of research in the U.S. towards military objectives and could informally advise the government on scientific matters. In 1939 he fully moved into the adidas training shoes
political arena with his appointment as chairman of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which he headed through 1941. Bush remained a member of NACA through 1948.

During World War I, Bush had seen the lack of cooperation between civilian scientists and the running basketball shoes military. Concerned about the lack of coordination in scientific research in the U.S. and the need for all-out mobilization for defense, Bush in 1939 proposed a general directive agency in the Federal Government, which he often discussed with his colleagues at NACA, James B. Conant (President of Harvard University), Karl T. Compton (President of M.I.T.) addidas white shoes (both pictured with Bush in photo right), and Frank B. Jewitt, President of the National Academy of Sciences.

Bush continued to press for the agency's creation. Early in 1940, at Bush's suggestion,adicolor the secretary of NACA began preparing a draft of the proposed National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) to be presented to Congress. But when Germany invaded France, Bush decided speed was of the essence and approached President Roosevelt directly. He managed to get a meeting with the President on 12 June 1940 and took a single sheet of paper describing adidas dunk the proposed agency. Roosevelt approved it in ten minutes.

NDRC was functioning, with Bush as chairman and others as members, even before the agency was made dmt cycling shoes official by order of the Council of National Defense on June 27, 1940. Bush quickly appointed four leading scientists to NRDC: NACA colleagues Conant, Compton, and Jewitt, and also Richard C. Tolman, dean of the graduate school at Caltech. Each was assigned an area of responsibility. Compton was in charge of radar, Conant of chemistry and explosives, cycling socks Jewitt of armor and ordnance, and Tolman of patents and inventions. Government officials then complained that Bush was making a grab for power, by-passing them. Bush later agreed: "That, in fact, is exactly what it was." This co-ordination of scientific effort was instrumental in the Allies winning the Second World War. Alfred Loomis (photo above) said that "Of the men whose death in the summer of adidas running shoes 1940 would have been the greatest calamity for America, the President is first, and Dr. Bush would be second or third."

In 1941 the NDRC was subsumed into the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) with Bush as director, which controlled the Manhattan Project until girls basketball shoes 1943 (when administration was assumed by the Army) and which also coordinated scientific research during World War II. In all, OSRD directed 30,000 men and oversaw development of some 200 weapons and instrumentalities of war, including sonar, radar, the proximity fuze, amphibious vehicles, and the Norden bomb sight, all considered critical in winning the war. At one time, two-thirds of all men adidas shoes the nation’s physicists were working under Bush’s direction. In addition, OSRD contributed to many advances in the physical sciences and medicine, including the mass production of penicillin and sulfa drugs.

In a memo to Bush dated March 20, 1942, President Roosevelt wrote, "I have read your extremely interesting report and I agree that the time has come for a review of cheap adidas shoes the work of the Office on New Weapons.... I am returning the report for you to lock up, as I think it is probably better that I should not have it in my own files."[3]

Bush's method of management at OSRD was to direct overall policy while delegating supervision of divisions to adidas blue shoes qualified colleagues and letting them do their jobs without interference. He attempted to interpret the mandate of OSRD as narrowly as possible to avoid overtaxing his office and to prevent duplicating the efforts of other agencies. Other problems were obtaining adequate funds from the President and Congress and determining online basketball shoes apportionment of research among government, academic, and industrial facilities. However, his most difficult problems, and also greatest successes, were keeping the confidence of the military, which distrusted the ability of civilians to observe security regulations, and fighting the draft of young scientists into the armed forces. The New York Times in its obituary described him as “a master craftsman at steering around new basketball shoes obstacles, whether they were technical or political or bull-headed generals and admirals.” Dr. Conant commented, “To see him in action with the generals was an exhibit.”

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The Apollo program adidas dunk stimulated many areas of

technology. The flight computer design buy adidas shoes used in both

the lunar and command modules was, along with the

Minuteman Missile adidas plaid shoes System, the driving force behind

early research into integrated circuits. The fuel

cell developed for thisaddidas shoe program was the first

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(CNC) was pioneered in fabricating Apollo addias shoes structural

components.
Further information: NASA Spinoff Technologies

and How Apollo a3 shoes Has Influenced Society
[edit] Influence on future human space exploration
Further information: List of future lunar missions

Several nations have planned future adidasshoes human lunar

missions, and several space agencies also intend to

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bases.

Neil Armstrong, sneaker shoes the commander of the first

successful landing Apollo 11, is often asked by the

press for his views on the future buy shoes of spaceflight. In

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(space program) in 1961."

[edit] Constellation program
Main article: Constellation adida shoes program

In a speech on January 14, 2004, President Bush

announced a new Vision for Space Exploration, which

included plans for the United adidas cycling shoes States to return

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Replacing the Space Shuttle following its retirement

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Griffin has described the capsule as "Apollo on

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Like Apollo, Orion will fly a lunar orbit rendezvous

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separately and will link up with Altair in low earth The Apollo program stimulated many areas of

technology. The flight computer design used in both

the lunar and command modules adidas outdoor shoes was, along with the

Minuteman Missile System, the driving force behind

early research into integrated circuits. The fuel

cell developed adidas training shoes for this program was the first

practical fuel cell. Computer-controlled machining

(CNC) was pioneered in fabricating Apollo structural

components.
Further information: NASAadidas red shoes Spinoff Technologies

and How Apollo Has Influenced Society
[edit] Influence on future adidas white shoes human space exploration
Further information: List of future lunar missions

Several nations have planned future human lunar

missions, and several space adidas black shoes agencies also intend to

build lunar bases.

Neil Armstrong, the commander of the first

successful landing Apollo cheap red shoes 11, is often asked by the

press for his views on the future of spaceflight. In

2005, he said that a human voyage to Mars will be

easier than the lunar challenge of the 1960s: "I

suspect that even though the addidas black shoes various questions are

difficult and many, they are not as difficult and

many as those we faced when we started the Apollo

(space program) in 1961."

[edit] Constellation program
Main article: Constellation program

In a speech on January 14, 2004, President Bush

announced a new Vision for Space Exploration, which

included plans for the United States to return

astronauts to the Moon mens black shoes no later than 2020 (with the

first human landing -- Orion 15 -- currently planned

for 2019). This mission would be a part of the

Constellation program, NASA's program to create a

new generation of spacecraft for human spaceflight.

Replacing the Space Shuttle following its retirement

in 2010 will be the Orion men adidas
crew capsule, which

closely resembles the Apollo command module in its

aerodynamic shape. NASA administrator Michael D.

Griffin has described the capsule as "Apollo on

steroids," and the New Scientist magazine reports

that "some critics... say the whole Orion program is

little more than a throwback to Apollo-era

technology."[32] In men adidas shoes other respects, however—

including its cockpit displays and its heatshield—

Orion will be employing new technology.[33] More

closely based on Apollo designs is the upper stage

of the Ares I, the launch vehicle designed to take

Orion into orbit. It will be based on a J-2X engine,

a redesigned version black basketball shoes
of the J-2 engine used in the

Saturn family of boosters. In working on the J-2X,

NASA engineers have visited museums, searched for

Apollo-era documentation and consulted with

engineers who worked adidas dunks shoes on the Apollo program. "The

mechanics of landing on the moon and getting off the

moon to a large extent have been solved," said

Constellation program manager Jeff Hanley. "That is

the legacy that Apollo gave us."[34]

Like Apollo, Orion will fly a lunar orbit rendezvous

mission profile, but unlike Apollo, the lander,

known as Altair, will be launched separately on the

Ares V rocket, a rocket cheap basketball shoesbased on both Space Shuttle

and Apollo technologies. Orion will be launched

separately and will link up with Altair in low earth

orbit like that of the Skylab program. Also, Orion,

unlike Apollo, will remain unmanned in lunar orbit

while the entire crew adidas outdoor shoeslands on the lunar surface,

with the lunar polar regions in mind instead of the

equatorial regions explored by Apollo. Constellation

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orbit like that name brand shoes of the Skylab program. Also, Orion,

unlike Apollo, will remain unmanned in lunar orbit

while the entire crew lands on the lunar surface,

with the lunar polar regions in mind instead of the

equatorial regions explored by Apollo. Constellation

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profile, which was dropped in favor of lunar orbit

rendezvous in Apollo.